معرفی و سبک شناسی نسخه خطی کشف الضر في نظم الدر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مقاله حاضر به معرفی نسخه ای دست نویس با نام کشف الضر فی نظم الدر می پردازد. مؤلّف نسخه، رکن الدین شیرازی از عارفان قرن هشتم هجری است که علی بن محمد حسن تونی در سال 835 ق. آن را کتابت کرد. قسمت اعظم این نسخه مشتمل بر یک رساله عرفانی نفیس و شرح قصیده تائیه ابن فارض است که با شماره 13679 در کتابخانه مجلس شورای اسلامی نگهداری می شود. این پژوهش به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده است و هدف اصلی اش آن است تا ضمن معرفی و تأمل در ویژگی های نسخه خطی، شگردهای بیانی و ادبی اثر نیز بررسی شود؛ نیز در پایان به این سؤال اصلی پژوهش پاسخ داده شود: «سبک ادبی و شیوه های خاص این نسخه، در چه مسائلی خلاصه می شود؟» نسخه حاضر سرشار از عاطفه و خیال است و از عناصر خیال آفرین به بهترین شکل در آن استفاده شده است؛ به طور کلی غلبه لفظ بر معنا، برتری وصف بر خبر، خیال پردازی های شاعرانه و تصویرگری، استفاده از اغراض شعری مانند مدح و تشبیب از ویژگی های خاص این اثر است. نتایج نهایی مترتب بر این تحقیق، شناسایی نسخه خطی منحصربه فرد کشف الضر فی نظم الدر و واکاوی شیوه های بیان و خصوصیات سبکی، ادبی و زبانی این رساله عرفانی است که تاکنون در تاریخ زبان و ادبیات فارسی قرن نهم مغفول مانده است.Introducing and Stylistic Analysis of the Manuscript of Kashf al-Zor fi Nazm al-Dor
The present article introduces a manuscript called Kashf al-Zor fi Nazm al-Dor. The author of this version is Rukn al-Din Shirazi, one of the mystics in the 8 th century AD. However, it is Ali bin Muhammad Hassan Toni in 835 AD, who has written the mentioned manuscript. The major part of this edition consists of an exquisite mystical treatise and description of Ibn Farez's ode, which is kept in the library of the Islamic Council under the number of 13679. The main goal of this descriptive-analytical research was to examine the literary and expressive methods of the work, while introducing and reflecting on the features of the manuscript and at the end, presenting an appropriate answer to the main question of the research: What are the literary styles and special methods of this manuscript? The current version was full of emotion and imagination and imaginative elements were used in the best way. In general, the predominance of words over meaning, superiority of description over news, poetic imaginations and imagery, and use of poetic purposes, such as praise and simile, were some of the special features of this work. The final results of this research were the identification of the unique manuscript of Kashf al-Zor in Nazm al-Dor and analysis of the modes of expression and stylistic, literary, and linguistic characteristics of this mystical treatise, which had been neglected in the history of Persian language and literature of the 9 th century.
Introduction
Introducing and review of literary works are considered as the most important services in the field of protection of the culture and history of this country. In the 7 th Century Hijri, a basic and fundamental change occurred in the field of Islamic mysticism. As a result of this transformation, mystical foundations were changed. A new demarcation was formed among mystics and mystical views. Known as Baba Rukn al-Din Shirazi (born in Beiza of Shiraz), Masoud bin Abdullah Beizawi was one of the great sages of mysticism and scholars of the 8 th Century Hijri. who lived in Isfahan during the reign of Abu Saeed Ilkhan Mughal and passed away there on the 26 th of Rabi al-Awal 769 Hijri. It is worth noting that he belonged to the Sohravardiyya lineage in credo (Tariqat).
He was respected during his lifetime and had many students. Even after his death, he had many believers even in the class of scholars, one of the greatest of whom was Baha al-Din Mohammad Ameli, a scholar of the Safavid era. Baba Rukn al-Din had a capable hand in theoretical mysticism and was able to explain and promote Mohi al-Din-e Arabi’s ideas.
Materials and Methods
This research was based on a descriptive-analytical method accompanied by historical research.
Results
Since theoretical mysticism deals with the theory of interpretation of existence and the relationship between God, world, and man, its topics are somewhat similar to philosophy when it turns to rational arguments and for this reason, it requires a clear language and an expressive pen. The present manuscript has expressed and conveyed the issues of theoretical mysticism with an introduction in a simple and clear language, which can be accessible to those interested in these topics. The author of the present edition is Rukn al-Din Shirazi, one of the mystics of the 8 th century, which was written by Ali bin Muhammad Hassan Toni in 835 Hijri. The major part of the version is related to the mystical treatise and description of Ibn Farez's ode of Taiyeh, which contains an encyclopedia of pure mystical words, terms, and thoughts.
Conclusion
Studying this text showed that this work was written in a harmonious or melodious style. The features of euphonious prose were clearly visible in the text. Observing and recognizing the literary style of this work indicated that analogies and creating musical correspondences with precision and meticulousness in the selection and arrangement of words were the most effective factors in the formation of its literary form. That is to say that the author had creatively used literary arrays in shaping musical correspondences and comparisons.
Among the innovative arrays and rhetorical techniques that played a big role in creating music and embellishing the words in this book, we could mention different types of euphonious prose, balance and incrustation, symmetry and homophony, prolixity, and collocation. The symmetrical innovation and word selection in this book were sometimes very precise and striking, which sometimes turned it into a poetic prose. The current version was full of emotion and imagination, as well as the elements of fantasy employed in the best way. To enclose, the predominance of words over meaning, superiority of description over news, poetic imaginations and imagery, and use of poetic purposes, such as praise and analogy, were other distinguished features of this work.
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