تحلیل کارکردهای نظام نوآوری فناورانه مالی در گذار ولث تک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه برای تسهیل فرایندهای مدیریت ثروت از راه حل های دیجیتال استفاده می شود که تحت عنوان فناوری مدیریت ثروت (ولث تک) مطرح شده است. ولث تک ها منجر به تغییر در رژیم اجتماعی-فنی سنتی شده اند که با مفهوم گذار تبیین می شود. این مطالعه هدف بررسی گذار با چارچوب تحلیلی نظام نوآوری فناورانه را دنبال می کند. محققان قبلی، با مطالعه فناوری تجدیدپذیر، هفت کارکرد برای نظام نوآوری فناورانه تعیین کرده اند و نشان دادند که نظام چگونه کار می کند. از آنجا که گذار ولث تک، در مقایسه با گذار فناوری های تجدیدپذیر، گذاری کوتاه مدت محسوب می شود لذا نظام نوآوری فناوری های مدیریت ثروت کارکردهایی متفاوت از نظام نوآوری فناوری های تجدید پذیر دارد. ضمن اینکه ایران به عنوان کشوری در حال توسعه در جایگاه پیرو نسبت به کشورهای توسعه یافته قرار دارد که منجر به تفاوت در کارکردها و نحوه عملکرد نظام می شود. این مطالعه برای بررسی گذار ولث تک با چارچوب تحلیلی نظام نوآوری فناورانه، از روش پژوهش کیفی و راهبرد تحلیل محتوا استفاده کرده است. در این راستا با مطالعه گزارش ها و مطالب و مصاحبه های منتشر شده در رسانه های مالی و فین تکی طی بازه زمانی 1394 تا پایان 1399، نظرات فعالان این حوزه در ایران بررسی و تحلیل شده و در نهایت 9 کارکرد تامین زیرساخت فناورانه، شکل دهی به ارتباطات و شبکه سازی، تبادل اطلاعات و دانش، سیاستگذاری و قانونگذاری، آگاهی بخشی به شهروندان و شکل گیری شهروندی مالی، تامین مالی، توسعه منابع انسانی، تحقیق و توسعه و همچنین فعالیت های نوآورانه شناسایی شده است.Analysis of the Functions of the Financial Technological Innovation System in Wealthtech Transition
Today, digital solutions are used to facilitate wealth management processes, which is referred to as wealth management technology (Wealthtech). Wealthtech have led to a change in the traditional socio-technical regime, which is explained by the concept of transition. This study aims to investigate the transition with the analytical framework of the technological innovation system. Previous researchers, by studying renewable technology, have identified seven functions for a technological innovation system and demonstrated how the system works. Because the transition of the wealthtech is a short-term transition compared to the transition to renewable technologies, the wealth management technology innovation system has different functions from the renewable technology innovation system. At the same time, Iran, as a developing country, has a following position compared to developed countries, which leads to differences in the functions and performance of the system. This study has used the qualitative research method and content analysis strategy to investigate the wealthtech transition with the analytical framework of the technological innovation system. In this regard, by studying the reports, materials and interviews published in financial and fintech media during the period 1394 to the end of 1399, the opinions of activists in this field in Iran have been reviewed and analyzed, and finally 9 functions of providing technological infrastructure, communications and Networking, information and knowledge exchange, policy and legislation, citizen awareness and financial citizenship formation, financing, human resource development, research and development as well as innovative activities have been identified. Introduction The speed of information exchange in the present age has caused the inefficiency of traditional models in the field of finance and indicates the need for the transition to new financial technologies such as wealthtech. This study uses the analytical framework of the technological innovation system to analyze the wealthtech transition. In studying the transition of wealthtech in Iran, two features should be considered. On the one hand, wealthtech transition is a short-term transition with continuous innovations, and on the other hand, Iran is a developing country that is in a position of follower compared to developed countries. These two characteristics make different the functions necessary for the transition from the functions of the technological innovation system mentioned in the literature so far. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the functions required for the wealthtech transition. Case Study This study identifies the functions of the transition in the field of financial technologies and focuses specifically on wealth management technology. Materials and Method The research method is qualitative and content analysis strategy has been used. In this regard, the views of activists in the field on the necessary measures in the innovative system of financial technology for the transition to wealthtech have been reviewed and coded, and with the help of the analytical framework of the technological innovation system, the necessary functions for optimal performance have been identified. The data were collected through a study of regulations and policy documents, as well as interviews and press reports published in the fintech media. 252 reports were reviewed, of which 118 were related, during which the opinions of 23 experts were reviewed and analyzed. Discussion and Findings Data coding and analysis led to the identification of 9 functions for the wealthtech transition, which are: provision of technological infrastructure, communication and networking, information and knowledge exchange, policy and legislation, citizen awareness and Formation of financial citizenship, financing, human resource development, research and development, and finally innovative activities. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of two functions: policy-making and legislation and education and raising awareness of citizens. Due to the government structure and dependence on the government in Iran, the scope of activities of the legislatures is strongly influenced by the decisions of the policy makers of the field. Proper policy-making and legislation lead to the direction of technological developments in the market and change the behavior of actors opposed to the transition or gradually eliminate them. In this regard, adopting a participatory approach with stakeholders in the capital market and the field of wealth management is important to align interests. In addition, by adjusting the rules for attracting capital in the stock market, the conditions for financing the start-up companies in the stock market will be made possible. On the other hand, the end users of wealthtech are citizens who are investors. Activities in the capital market require the promotion of financial literacy among citizens and actors. With the advent of innovative services based on advanced technologies, the promotion of digital literacy and the ability to use fintechs is also essential to generate demand. The function of awareness raising and the formation of financial citizenship also affects the function of human resource development and increasing the expertise of policy makers as well as intermediaries in the capital market.
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