پیش بینی قربانی قلدری نوجوانان بر اساس دلبستگی به والدین و همسالان، شفقت به خود با توجه به نقش میانجی حل مشکل (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی ارائه مدلی در راستای پیش بینی قربانی قلدری نوجوانان بر اساس دلبستگی به والدین و همسالان، شفقت به خود با نقش میانجی حل مشکل است که در میان نوجوانان دوره اول مقطع متوسطه (کلاس ششم تا هشتم) انجام شد. در قالب یک طرح همبستگی به شیوه مقطعی، 320 نفر از نوجوانان 12 تا 15 سال شهر تهران به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند با استفاده از فرمول کلاین انتخاب شدند، که پس از گردآوری داده ها، تعداد 312 پرسشنامه قابل تجزیه و تحلیل بوده است و از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد به پرسشنامه های استاندارد قلدری ایلی نویز (2001)، دلبستگی نوجوانان به والدین و همسالان آرمسدن و گرینبرگ (1987)، حل مشکل هپنر و پترسون (1982)، شفقت به خود نف (2003) پاسخ دهند. به منظور تحلیل داده از از نرم افزارهای Spss نسخه 19و Smart-PLS نسخه 3 استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که 88. 7 درصد از تغییرات قربانی قلدری ناشی از تغییرات متغیرهای انواع دلبستگی و شفقت به خود است و تمامی متغیرهای مذکور (به غیر از دلبستگی پدر) تأثیر معناداری بر قربانی قلدری دارند. همچنین نتایج مرتبط با نقش میانجی گری حل مسئله، نشان داد که انواع دلبستگی (به غیر از دلبستگی همسالان) و شفقت به خود از طریق حل مشکل بر قربانی قلدری نوجوانان به ترتیب 0. 047-، 0. 506- و 0. 268- اثر غیرمستقیم دارد (001/0>P). بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش، می توان نتیجه گرفت که حل مشکل در رابطه بین قربانی قلدری نوجوانان و انواع دلبستگی (مادر و پدر)، شفقت به خود نقش میانجی دارد. توجه به این مکانیسم ها می تواند در تدوین مداخلات پیشگیرانه و درمانیِ کارآمد برای نوجوان در مقابله با قربانی شدن توسط هم سالان و ابتلا به نشانه های افسردگی مفید باشد.Predicting Adolescent Bullying Victimization based on Attachment to Parents and Peers, and Self-Compassion with the Mediating Role of Problem Solving
The study was carried out to predict the bullying victimization of adolescents based on attachment to parents and peers and self-compassion with the mediating role of problem solving in junior high school students of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. Purposive sampling was used to select 320 students in a cross-sectional correlational design with the help of Klein's formula. The data collected from 312 questionnaires was analyzed in SPSS 19 and PLS 3. Path analysis results indicated that 88.7% of the changes in the victims of bullying are caused by the changes in attachment and self-compassion, and all the variables (except attachment to father) have a significant effect on the victim of bullying. According to the results, problem solving has a mediating role in the relationship between adolescent bullying victims and types of attachment, and self-compassion. Introduction Bullying is one of the most prevalent forms of aggression, characterized by intentionality, repetition, and power imbalance (Ng, Chua, & Shorey, 2020). Bullying can present in various forms (physical, verbal, communication, and cyber) (Smith et al., 2018) where most victims of bullying are perceived as weak by the bully (Chen et al., 2018). Social and educational variables of attachment styles, relationships with parents and peers are among the factors that affect the transformations during adolescence, each of which could lead to a positive or negative change in the adolescent's developmental path (Jackson and Goossens, 2020). A secure attachment bond with parents could act as a shield in the relationship between youth victimization and dysfunctional thoughts (Balen et al., 2021). Self-compassion can be defined as a three-component structure: self-compassion (developing understanding and kindness towards oneself instead of harsh judgment), shared human experience (seeing one's experience as a part of the experience of human society instead of personalizing it) and mindfulness (keeping painful thoughts and feelings in consciousness in a balanced way instead of deep identification) (Neff and Germer, 2003; Jiang et al., 2022). Thus, students with less self-compassion face more self-criticism (Bluth & Blanton, 2014). Problem solving is a critical coping strategy that increases personal and social capabilities and development, and reduces psychological tensions (Samiei Zafarghandi, 2020). Moradi (2017) reported that among both bullies or victims have low levels of problem solving skill, and students, especially male students, resort to bullying far more because they do not know how to solve problems. Few studies have investigated healthy personality characteristics, especially the most significant characteristics and factors associated with it, and the mediating role of problem solving. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict adolescent bullying victimization based on attachment to parents and peers, and self-compassion with the mediating role of problem solving. Methodology This study used descriptive method with a structural equation correlation design. The study population included all students aged 12-15 years in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. According to Klein's formula (1:20 ratio), the sample size was calculated as 320 individuals. Illinois Bullying Questionnaire, Adolescent Attachment to Parents and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Heppner and Peterson Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) were used for collecting data. The completed questionnaires were collected in person and electronically, and finally 312 questionnaires entered analysis. Results The results obtained from the final model revealed the effect intensity of the independent variables as -0.472 (T = 13.675) for mother attachment, 0.034 (T =1.484) for father attachment, -0.359 (T = 11.577) for peer attachment, and -0.251 (T = 10.347) for self-compassion on the victim, among which mother attachment, peer attachment, and self-compassio
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