پژوهشی تطبیقی در مبانی نظری ادبیات کودک و نوجوان (با تکیه بر سه کتاب دانشگاهی فارسی و عربی)
آرشیو
چکیده
پرداختن به مبانی نظری ادبیات کودک و نوجوان دستاورد جامعه مدرن است. کتاب های مختلفی در حوزه مبانی نظری ادبیات کودکان نوشته شده است که برخی از این آثار قابلیت تدریس در دانشگاه را داشته اند. در این پژوهش به بررسی تطبیقی سه کتاب در مبانی نظری ادبیات کودک و نوجوان که به زبان های فارسی و عربی نوشته شده پرداخته و نقاط قوت و ضعف این آثار دانشگاهی را با یکدیگر مقایسه کرده ایم. این آثار به محققان ادبیات کودک و نوجوان، ثریا قزل ایاغ، علی اکبر شعاری نژاد و انور عبدالحمید الموسی تعلق دارد. مقاله به روش توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده و بررسی های تطبیقی ذیل آن صورت گرفته است. یافته های نشان می دهد «تعاریف»، «چیستی» و «تاریخچه» ادبیات کودک و نوجوان و مبحث «ترویج خواندن» به سبب تکیه هر سه منبع به تئوری های غربی مشابه یکدیگرند. تکامل دانشگاهی تعاریف نظری ادبیات کودک و نوجوان در کتاب های فارسی و عربی تحت جریان تأثیر و تأثر شکل پذیرفته است. با اینکه از نظر تقومی، انور عبدالحمید الموسی و ثریا قزل ایاغ در یک بازه زمانی، کتاب خود را به چاپ رسانده اند. کتاب الموسی نسبت به قزل ایاغ و شعاری نژاد، تنوع موضوعی بیشتر و مبانی نظری کامل تری دارد. به علاوه مراجع و منابع به کاررفته در کتاب الموسی نشان می دهد که نویسنده در تبیین برخی مبانی نظری تحت تأثیر مستقیم مبانی علمی غربی قرار گرفته است. در هر سه اثر، تاریخ ادبیات کودکان تحت تأثیر جریان تأثری ادبیات جهانی نوشته شده است؛ اما در تبیین چیستی ها و ترویج خواندن نگاه های ملی بر آثار غلبه دارد.A comparative research on the theoretical foundations of childrens and adolescents literature (based on three Persian and Arabic academic books)
IntroductionThe emergence of comparative literature of children and adolescents in the sequence of time is a clear proof of the effectiveness of specialization over time. Arab countries, like Iran, have paid attention to childrens and adolescents literature, and its theoretical foundations are taught in some university courses. In this way, comparative studies help any kind of scientific synergy. The works selected for research belong to the researchers of childrens and adolescents literature: Soraya Ghezel Ayagh, Aliakbar Shoarinezhad and Anvar Abdolhamid Almousa. The lack of research resources in this field has been the first motivation to deal with the present comparative research. Analytical review of the theoretical sources of childrens and adolescents literature in a comparative way makes the path of this field and the modern trend smoother for further academic research. Research MethodologyThe article has been done in a descriptive and analytical way and the following comparative studies have been done. DiscussIn this research, three books have been selected for comparative analysis as follows:Literature for children and teenagers and promotion of reading (2012), which is the result of thirty years of personal experience of Soraya Qezel Ayagh in the field of children's literature. As a teacher, with more than 25 years of teaching in the fields of librarianship, education and art, and four years of continuous experimental work with teenagers, the author has looked at children's literature. This book consists of three parts and fifteen chapters, and the whole of the author's writing is based on national and western theories. The second book of children's literature (1975) is written by Ali Akbar Shoarinezhad. It has a preface and ten chapters. Practical topics combined with theoretical topics are included in this book. The third book of Adab al-ataf Fan Al-Mustghbal written by Anvar Abdol Hamid AlMousa has an introduction, a preface and five chapters. This book was published in 2010. In this research, similar and different parts of the works have been extracted and compared. conclusionVarious books have been authored and translated in the field of theoretical foundations of childrens literature in Iran and the world. New critical works in the field of childrens and teenagers literature, especially theoretical and historical works, have logically shown that research in the field of childrens and teenagers literature cannot be considered easier than other fields. According to the research questions, the findings show that the common topics in the books were focused on the history of childrens literature, defining childrens literature, what is childrens literature and promoting reading. Some topics such as story-telling methods, philosophy for children and reading aloud for children are among the topics that only Shoarinezhad has paid attention to them. In addition, practical exercises are seen in the book of Al-Moosa and Shoarinezhad, and such a point is not evident in the book of Ghezel Ayagh. The book "Adab Alatfal Fan Al-Mustghbal" written by Abdol Hamid Al-Moussa has a variety of topics compared to the other two books, and the references are completely scientific based on new topics. It is natural that the book of Abdol Hamid Al-Mousa and Ghezel Ayagh covers various theoretical topics because it is close to the last decade. In all three works, the history of children's literature is written under the influence of world literature; But in explaining things and promoting reading, national views prevail over the works.
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